Legal chemical use in beekeeping

There are many risks when using incorrect or illegal chemical use for Varroa destructor (varroa mite). Beekeepers are responsible for the safe use of chemicals.

Always read the full label and permit instructions before using a treatment. This will help to:

• protect your bees
• protect your health
• protect honey and bee products
• reduce chemical resistance.

Human and animal health risks

Visit Worksafe Victoria to learn about human health risks when working with bees.

Incorrect dosing or timing can harm bees, causing brood damage or colony loss.

Residue risks

Illegal or off‑label use can lead to contaminated products, recalls, and loss of market access.

• Using the wrong or unapproved chemicals can contaminate honey and bee products, creating food safety risks.
• Chemical residues can persist in wax, tools, and equipment. Cleaning is essential after using any chemicals.

Environmental risks

Chemical misuse can contaminate:

• soil
• waterways
• wildlife.

Improper disposal is known as chemical misuse as leftover materials may pollute the environment.

Resistance

Using the same treatment repeatedly or incorrectly can lead to Varroa Mite resistance. This makes treatments less effective. The discovery of resistance to pyrethroids and formamidines in Australia shows the importance of following label directions.

You can avoid risks by using the correct chemicals. Following the label and permit directions will keep you and your bees safe. It will also avoid the risk of residues and contamination.

Legal obligations on beekeepers in Victoria

Beekeepers must:

1. only use Australian Pesticides and Veterinary Medicines Authority (APVMA) registered or permitted products
2. always follow all labels or permit directions, including:
   • dosing
   • frequency
   • restraints
   • withholding periods
   • personal protective equipment.
3. always keep precise chemical records for a minimum of 2 years
4. ensure honey and bee products sold meet any maximum residue limits.

What chemicals are legally permitted in Victoria?

Only chemicals with APVMA registration or permits can be used legally in Victoria. The Australian Honey Bee Industry Council (AHBIC) have a varroa chemical treatment table that will assist you with your chemical use.