Q fever awareness
Q fever is a disease that affects both animals and humans. It’s caused by the bacterium Coxiella burnetii, which is commonly found in livestock across Australia. Q fever has also been detected in domestic pet species and pregnant animals pose a greater risk for disease. Although many animals may not show any symptoms, they can still transmit the disease to humans, where it has the potential to cause serious illness.
What Is Q fever?
Q fever can cause serious reproductive issues in livestock; however, it is important to note that even healthy-looking animals can carry and spread the bacteria.
Reproductive issues in livestock may present as:
- abortion
- infertility
- stillbirth
- mastitis
- uterine infections.
How Q fever spreads
The bacteria can survive in:
- air, dust, soil and water
- wool, hides, clothing and straw
- animal waste and birthing materials.
Humans and animals can become infected by:
- breathing in contaminated dust
- handling infected animals or materials
- drinking unpasteurised milk.
Protecting yourself and your staff
The Q-VAX vaccine is the most effective way to prevent Q fever in humans. Speak to your GP or contact your local public health unit.
Currently, Q fever vaccinations for livestock and domestic animals are not available in Australia.
On-farm safety measures
- Wash hands and arms after handling animals.
- Wear gloves and a P2 mask during high-risk tasks (e.g. birthing).
- Cover cuts and wounds.
- Clean equipment and surfaces regularly.
- Wash dirty clothes and boots separately.
- Use footbaths when entering/exiting sheds.
- Avoid touching your face while working.
- Safely dispose of afterbirth and placentas.
- Cover and compost manure before spreading.
- Minimise dust and rodents in animal areas.
Include Q fever in your biosecurity plan
Make sure your farm’s biosecurity plan includes steps to reduce Q fever risks. This helps protect your animals, your staff and your family.
What to do if you suspect Q fever in animals
If you notice signs of reproductive issues in your livestock, contact your local veterinarian or contact an Agriculture Victoria veterinary officer on the EAD hotline: 1800 678 888.
If you are a private veterinarian suspecting Q fever in livestock, please contact your local district veterinary officer or the EAD hotline on 1800 675 888 to discuss disease investigation options.