High pathogenicity avian influenza (HPAI)

Current situation

Last updated 31 March 2025

H7 avian influenza (bird flu) was confirmed at 4 poultry properties in northern Victoria near Euroa in February 2025.

Diagnostic tests done at CSIRO’s Australian Centre for Disease Preparedness in Geelong confirmed a high pathogenicity strain of H7N8. This is a new outbreak and not related to the 2024 outbreaks in Victoria, New South Wales and the Australian Capital Territory, which were successfully eradicated.

This is not the H5N1 bird flu strain that is impacting other parts of the world.

A restricted area with a radius of about 5 km has been in place around the infected properties since February. This is part of a larger control area where controls have been placed on movements that could spread the virus.

Specific rules apply in the control and restricted areas.

There have been no new disease detections since 24 February 2025 and good progress has been made on the cleaning and decontamination of affected properties.

As a result of progress made in the response, the control area has been reduced in size to about 40 kilometres from east to west and 30 kilometres from north to south.

Townships still impacted by restrictions include Euroa and Longwood. Strathbogie, Violet Town, Ruffy and Avenel have been removed from the control area from 31 March 2025.

Mandatory movement controls on birds, bird products (including eggs) and poultry equipment, as well as restrictions placed on game bird hunting and hunters. are no longer in place for areas outside the redrawn control area.

The housing requirement for premises with 50 or more birds in the restricted area is now also lifted. The voluntary housing of birds is still encouraged.

Any suspicion of an emergency animal disease (EAD) should be immediately reported to the 24-hour EAD Hotline on 1800 675 888 or to your local vet.

Agriculture Victoria is continuing to work with impacted property owners.

Illness in humans who have direct contact with animals infected with high pathogenicity avian influenza viruses has been reported overseas. However, the risk to the public is low. Find out more about avian influenza in humans from the BetterHealth Channel.

Game bird hunting

Recreational game bird hunting remains banned in the restricted and redrawn control areas near Euroa, to help prevent the spread of avian influenza.

An avian influenza game bird hunting permit can be obtained from Agriculture Victoria and is required if you want to:

move game bird carcasses or parts from outside areas to control or restricted areas
move equipment associated with game bird hunting from control or restricted areas to outside areas, if the equipment has come into contact with poultry or birds.

Permits are issued for 4 weeks and can be reapplied for after they expire.

Exemptions are in place that allow vehicles transporting game bird carcasses or hunting equipment to travel along the Hume Freeway. You do not need a permit so long as you don’t leave the Hume Freeway and don’t stop in the restricted or control areas.

Apply for a permit

Avian Influenza is a notifiable disease. Any suspect or confirmed cases must be reported to Agriculture Victoria on the all-hours Emergency Animal Disease hotline 1800 675 888

Background

Avian Influenza (AI) is a highly contagious viral infection of birds. The disease is caused by either high pathogenicity or low pathogenicity strains. Some HPAI can cause severe clinical signs and high mortality (up to 100%) in domestic poultry (chickens) and turkeys. AI in pet birds such as budgies, canaries and other caged birds has not been a feature of previous outbreaks in Australia.

Wild birds are considered the natural host for AI. Certain water birds act as reservoirs of influenza viruses by carrying the virus and spreading it to susceptible birds through contact with contaminated nasal, respiratory, and faecal material. It is not unusual for 'spill over events' to occur when AI from wild birds infects domestic poultry flocks.

Although the spread of AI from birds to people is rare, it may occur with some strains of the virus if there has been close contact with infected birds or heavily contaminated environments. This potential zoonotic risk one of the main reasons we control AI virus infections in poultry.

HPAI H5N1: The virus detected in Euroa is NOT a HPAI H5N1 virus.

Since 2021, the subtype H5N1 has spread rapidly across most continents, causing mass mortalities in wild birds and poultry. It has also caused death in some mammal populations, especially those which scavenge on birds infected with AI, such as sea lions and seals. The severity of illness, and high death rates affecting such a wide range of species is unusual in these international incidents, compared to previous outbreaks of AI.

Clinical signs of HPAI in poultry

HPAI should be considered if a high proportion of a flock or group of birds become ill very quickly – progressing from normal to severe illness or death within 24 to 48 hours. Clinical signs may include sudden death, respiratory signs (coughing, sneezing, breathing difficulties), swelling and purple discoloration of the comb or head, decreased food or water intake, decreased egg production, diarrhoea, nervous signs (occasionally seen).

Avian influenza symptoms in people

Reported symptoms in people range from very mild to typical flu-like symptoms (eg conjunctivitis, cough, fever, sore throat, muscle aches) to pneumonia and very rarely, death.

Anyone who has been in close contact with infected animals or materials, or has ‘influenza-like’ symptoms should seek medical advice immediately and contact the Communicable Disease Prevention Unit at the Department of Health on 1300 651 160 (24 hours).

There are no food safety issues identified; properly cooked chicken meat and eggs are safe to eat.

Prevention of avian influenza in birds

AI viruses can be easily transmitted from property to property by the movement of infected birds, as well as contaminated boots, vehicles and equipment. Using good biosecurity practices between and within properties and preventing contact between local water birds and poultry will lower the risk of disease spread.

People working with poultry and/or responding to avian influenza outbreaks should have a current seasonal influenza vaccine at least 2 weeks prior to coming in contact with infected birds. This will not prevent infection with avian influenza but will reduce the risk of co-infection with human influenza (‘flu’) and genetic reassortment of viruses to produce new influenza viruses that may pose a threat to the wider community.

Prevention of avian influenza in people

Appropriate use of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) has been very effective in preventing illness. When coming into contact with potentially infected animals or materials, appropriate PPE to wear includes protective overalls, gloves and rubber boots, P2 facemask (a basic surgical mask is NOT suitable) and protective eyewear.