Best practice viticulture biosecurity for phylloxera

The more agricultural equipment, machinery, vehicles and people that enter a property, the greater the risk that one of them will bring an unwanted pest or disease with them.

Access to vines should be limited as much as possible – particularly to people, vehicles and equipment that have recently been in other vineyards.

General guidelines for restricting access

1. Controlled entry point. Have one entry point to a vineyard and prohibit unauthorised entry or entry when the property is not supervised. Keep gates closed and locked where possible. Physically restrict access to your vineyard as much as possible with fences and closed gates – especially along main roads or where people tend to enter the vineyard without authorisation.
2. Signs. Use signs to advise the conditions and restrictions of entry to the property (include a contact phone number for people to ring if access is required).
3. Reported arrival. All visitors should report to an office or person on arrival and before moving near any vines.
4. Check recent vineyard visits. All potential visitors should be asked about recent visits to vineyards – particularly in other phylloxera zones or countries. Review the decision to grant access to anyone who has been in or near a vineyard overseas, in a known Phylloxera Infested Zone (PIZ) or in a vineyard in a region with a known presence of another unwanted pest or disease. Review the decision to grant access if the person is wearing the same clothes, footwear or using the same vehicle, without thorough cleaning and disinfestation.
5. Visitor log. Consider keeping a record of all visitors to the vineyard, including date and purpose of visit.
6. Control vehicle access. Visitors should park vehicles away from vines – preferably on a hard surface such as gravel or concrete. Visitors should stick to roads, designated tracks, or headlands.
7. Restrict entry to vines. Don't encourage unnecessary visits to the grapevine growing area. Prohibit entry to vine rows as much as possible, such as through fences or hanging chains.
8. Provide education and information. Anyone unfamiliar with phylloxera or other biosecurity issues should be provided with information (training, fact sheets, website addresses).

Hygiene includes cleaning and disinfestation. This two-tiered approach to hygiene produces a greatly reduced risk of moving pests and diseases.

• Cleaning removes the pest or disease, or the soil, water or plant material that is carrying it.
• Disinfestation does not necessarily remove the pest or disease but kills it. This process is particularly important when the pest or disease is difficult to clean (such as a grape harvester or in the crevices on the soles of boots). Cleaning is necessary before completing disinfestation, as poor cleaning can result in poor disinfestation.

General guidelines for vineyard hygiene

1. Use a designated cleaning area. Cleaning should be carried out in a designated area wherever possible – preferably on a hard surface (gravel, concrete or bitumen) and well away from grapevines.
2. No run-off onto vines. Water run-off from cleaning must not be able to flow onto or next to any vines.
3. Make cleaning more effective. The use of a steam cleaner or high-pressure hot water and scrubbing brushes makes cleaning most effective. Detergents are good for breaking down soil and mud. Hot water may assist in removing sticky substances, such as on grape bins.

This guideline describes the biosecurity practices with the highest impact relevant to controlling the spread of phylloxera within a phylloxera infested zone (PIZ).

The guideline is a tool for industry to make decisions on the adoption of biosecurity best practices to protect their properties. The practices described in this guideline are in addition to the permit requirements for leaving a PIZ. These practices are encouraged to be applied to movements between properties within a PIZ, as they can assist in the prevention of the introduction of new genetic strains of phylloxera to already infested properties.

Contractors and visitors

Control and limit access to vineyards, ensuring all visitors meet entry requirements, including footbaths.

Footbaths should be used by all people entering the vineyard. Ensure correct footbath procedure is followed:

1. Wash and scrub boots of all dirt and plant material.
2. Disinfest in 2% sodium hypochlorite (50% household bleach, 50% percent water) for at least 60 seconds.

Ensure clean clothing is applied between properties.

Clean small hand tools between blocks and properties with Dettol (undilute 4.8%) or alcohol spray (95% ethanol, undilute for methylated spirits). These can also be cleaned in the bleach footbath, but this can be corrosive on tools.

Train all contractors, winemakers, viticulturists, and agronomists to follow correct farmgate procedures.

Cleaning and disinfestation

At a minimum, ensure all harvesters and vineyard machinery have been pressure washed to remove all soil and plant material before entering your property.

It is recommended all harvesters and vineyard machinery and equipment, including bins and tractors, are dry heat-treated prior to entering your vineyard.

Ensure steam cleaning is effective – apply for at least 10 seconds and not further than 1 metre from the nozzle across the entire target.

Create flow when cleaning, moving machinery and equipment from dirty to clean areas, and isolating throughout to prevent cross-contamination.

Used vineyard equipment and infrastructure

Only move used vineyard equipment and infrastructure (e.g., posts) between vineyards if isolated from vines for more than 12 months.

Plant material

Do not move plant material or soil between vineyards.

Download a copy of the guideline

• Best Practice Guideline: Movement within a phylloxera infested zone (WORD - 257.3 KB)
• Best Practice Guideline: Movement within a phylloxera infested zone (PDF - 147.1 KB)

It is preferable to maintain separate footwear and hand tools for each vineyard to reduce the likelihood of collecting and spreading phylloxera. Where this is not an option, sturdy shoe covers may help prevent the spread of phylloxera.

Hand tools such as secateurs and soil sampling equipment can be cleaned in the same footbath as footwear.

Undilute Dettol (4.8% active ingredient Chloroxylenol) (or methylated spirits where fire danger is minimal) can be substituted in the place of 2% sodium hypochlorite solution (household bleach). Dettol is less likely to be corrosive than household bleach. Read more on these alternatives.

Visitors should clean and disinfest footwear as follows:

• prior to entry to a new property
• when exiting the property.

Footbath tub 1 – cleaning

What?

• Tub filled with detergent (household detergent is fine) and water.
• Scrubbing brush and pick or screwdriver.

How?

1. Scuff off excess soil and plant material on long grass where possible.
2. Place footwear into footbath and scrub footwear to remove all soil and plant material. Use pick or screwdriver to pick out any stuck material.

Tips

• Footwear must be clean of soil and plant material before disinfesting. The chlorine in Tub 2 is readily inactivated by soil and plant material.
• Place footbath on a hard stand area away from vines – preferably under cover in the shade, at shed, office or farm gate.

Footbath tub 2 – disinfesting

What?

• Tub filled with 2% sodium hypochlorite solution (half supermarket 4% household bleach with half water)
  • OR substitute undilute Dettol (4.8% active ingredient Chloroxylenol)
  • OR substitute undilute methylated spirits where fire danger is minimal (alternatively can be used in a spray bottle).
• Scrubbing brush
• Eye protection/safety glasses and gloves.

How?

1. Check expiry date and follow safety instructions of chosen product.
2. Ensure a sufficient application to reach tops of footwear.
3. Put footwear straight from Tub 1 into Tub 2.
4. Submerge footwear for at least 60 seconds.
5. Carefully use scrubbing brush to help make sure all surfaces are covered.
6. Do not rinse footwear afterwards.

Tips

• Caution against splashing sodium hypochlorite solution or other product, into eyes, skin, and clothes.
• A fresh mix works best.
• Replace the mix if visibly dirty as the chlorine is inactivated by soil and plant material.
• Replace the mixture every few days, even if still clean.
• Keep mixture out of sunlight or covered where possible, as UV degrades the chlorine.
• Dispose of footbath contents away from vines.

Clothing

It is preferable to maintain separate clothes for each vineyard to reduce the likelihood of collecting and spreading phylloxera on clothing. Disposable coveralls may be a suitable alternative.

Where this is not possible, only one vineyard should be visited per day, and afterward clothes should be washed in a hot wash cycle (over 50°C) for at least 30 minutes.

Hats, flynets and accessories

Where it is not possible to hot wash accessories, utilise inspect spray with active ingredients 1.1 g/kg Esbiothrin and 0.5 g/kg Permethrin. Spray each part of the entire surface of the accessory/clothing for at least 5 seconds from a distance of 8 cm. Read more on this alternative.

The addition of solarisation to the method described above, by placing items inside a black plastic bag and leaving in the sun, may improve disinfestation results.

Used vineyard agricultural equipment and machinery means agricultural equipment used for the culture, harvesting, packing, or processing of any plant or plant product of the genus Vitis. This includes, but is not limited to:

• mechanical harvesters
• tractors and implements
• spray equipment
• trimmers and pruners
• vineyard floor management equipment.

See the mandatory requirements for Victorian movement at Phylloxera movement controls for used agricultural equipment and packages.

Permits are required for movement of used agricultural equipment and machinery from a Phylloxera Infested Zone (PIZ) and into a Phylloxera Exclusion Zone (PEZ) (if not from another PEZ).

The steps detailed below describe how to manage the arrival and delivery of used equipment and machinery from another property. This advice does not replace the adherence to the requirements described in the mandatory movement conditions in the Plant Quarantine Manual.

1. Ensure you, or the person responsible for moving the equipment or machinery, are aware of the legal requirements if leaving a phylloxera infested zone (PIZ) or entering a phylloxera exclusion zone (PEZ).
2. Understand where contractor equipment may have been operating previously, and what hygiene methods they undertook before arrival at your property. Contractors should maintain a log of attended properties.
3. If using agricultural equipment and machinery from another property, request in advance for it to be cleaned and disinfested before arrival.
4. Cleaning requires removal of all soil and plant material with a steam cleaner or high-pressure hot water. Remove any parts from the equipment that may hold soil or plant material. Concentrate efforts on the underside and other areas most likely to collect soil or plant material. A successful clean will allow for a successful disinfestation step. Phylloxera can survive for weeks inside clods of soil or plant material and later dislodge.
5. Wash any associated equipment or float vehicles – particularly wheels, axels, mudguards, and tray.
6. Disinfesting involves a heat treatment, preferably in a heat room. This treatment alone is not sufficient to disinfest for phylloxera. The equipment and machinery must be thoroughly cleaned before this treatment to ensure it is successful. Ensure they legal requirements are observed, where applicable, on the type of heat treatment used for each type of equipment. Heat room use is the mandatory heat treatment for harvesters.
7. Heat rooms should have good air circulation to circulate air from the top of the heat room to the bottom. The heat room should not be stacked too full. The temperature probe should be located at approximately 0.5m from the floor. Consider, where safe, to elevate equipment or use an insulating cover on the floor surface to ensure all the equipment is subject to the required air temperature.
8. Create flow when cleaning, moving machinery and equipment from dirty to clean areas, and isolating throughout to prevent cross-contamination.
9. For movement within Victoria: If equipment is arriving in a PEZ from a zone that is not a PEZ, or from a PIZ, confirm a Plant Health Declaration (PHD) accompanies the used equipment or machinery. If a PHD is not available, notify Agriculture Victoria on 136 186.
10. On arrival, park equipment or float trailers on hard stand areas (such as concrete or gravel).
11. Inspect machinery, focussing on areas where soil and plant material may collect. Do not allow any visibly dirty machinery to operate in your vineyard until it has been cleaned and disinfested. If a designated wash-down area where water run-off cannot reach vines is not available, consider sending the equipment off-site for cleaning and disinfesting.
12. After satisfactory inspection, park on a hard stand area and unload equipment well away from vines.
13. Once machinery is ready to leave the property, ensure it leaves clean.
14. Use a designated wash-down area. Follow the cleaning and disinfesting steps above. If needing to access a heat room off-site, look to clean the equipment on site before leaving.

Grape harvesting items include but are not limited to picking buckets and grape bins.

See the mandatory requirements for Victorian movement at Phylloxera Movement controls for used agricultural equipment and packages.

Permits are required for movement of used packages from a phylloxera infested zone (PIZ) and into a phylloxera exclusion zone (PEZ) (if not from another PEZ).

The steps detailed below describe how to manage the arrival and delivery of used packages (bins, grape harvesting items) from another property. This advice does not replace the adherence to the requirements described in the mandatory movement conditions in the Plant Quarantine Manual.

1. Ensure you, or the person responsible for moving the used packages (e.g. bins), are aware of the legal requirements if leaving a phylloxera infested zone (PIZ) or entering a phylloxera exclusion zone (PEZ).
2. It is preferable to have picking buckets and bins dedicated to your vineyard and they should not be loaned out to other vineyards.
3. If obtaining empty bins or buckets from a hire company, or from another vineyard or winery, insist that they are cleaned (inside and out) and disinfested before consignment to your vineyard.
4. Cleaning requires removal of all soil and plant material from inside and outside the bins with a steam cleaner or high-pressure hot water. A successful clean will allow for a successful disinfestation step. Phylloxera can survive for weeks inside clods of soil or plant material and later dislodge.
5. Disinfesting involves a heat treatment, preferably with a hot water bin dipper or in a heat room. The use of steam is an option but is the least preferred method. This is due to the discipline involved to apply at each part of the target for at least 10 seconds, applied from not more than 1 metre from the bin. Heat treatment alone is not sufficient to disinfest for phylloxera. The bins must be thoroughly cleaned before this treatment to ensure it is successful.
6. When using a hot water bin dip, allow the water to return to temperature before starting the timer.
7. Heat rooms should have good air circulation to circulate air from the top of the heat room to the bottom. The heat room should not be stacked too full, to allow for air circulation to the bottom of the skids. The temperature probe should be located at approximately 0.5m from the floor. Consider, where safe, to elevate bins or use an insulating cover on the floor surface to ensure all the bin surfaces are subject to the required air temperature. Pallets could be used.
8. Create flow when cleaning, moving machinery and equipment from dirty to clean areas, and isolating throughout to prevent cross-contamination.
9. Wash any associated equipment or float vehicles – particularly wheels, axels, mudguards, and tray.
10. For movement within Victoria: If bins arrive in a PEZ from a zone that is not a PEZ, or from a PIZ, confirm a Plant Health Declaration (PHD) accompanies the used packages (e.g. bins). If a PHD is not available, notify Agriculture Victoria on 136 186.
11. On arrival, park trucks or float trailers on hard stand areas (such as concrete or gravel).
12. Inspect bins on arrival to ensure they are free of soil and plant material, focussing on the lift channels. Do not allow any visibly dirty bins in your vineyard until they have been cleaned and disinfested. Be extra vigilant when conditions during harvest are cool and muddy If a designated wash-down area where water run-off cannot reach vines is not available, consider sending the bins off-site for cleaning and disinfesting.
13. After satisfactory inspection, park on a hard stand area and unload bins well away from vines. Look to keep bins on hard stands, where possible.
14. Bins full of fruit should be segregated from cleaned and disinfested bins. Implement a workflow process from clean to dirty.
15. Once bins are ready to leave the property (where applicable), ensure they leave cleaned and disinfested.
16. If the bins are being consigned elsewhere with grapes in them, ensure the outsides are clean. Wash any associated equipment or float vehicles that have been in the vineyard – particularly wheels, axels, mudguards, and tray.
17. Use a designated wash-down area. For empty bins leaving the property, follow the cleaning and disinfesting steps above. If needing to access a heat room off-site, look to clean the bins on site before leaving.
18. Cleaned and disinfested bins should be stored away from bin and fruit arrival and unloading areas.

This includes, but is not limited to

• cuttings
• rootlings
• grafted rootlings
• potted vines (dormant and green material).
• prunings

See the mandatory requirements for Victorian movement at:

• Phylloxera Movement controls for cuttings and rootlings.
• Phylloxera Movement controls for potted vines.

Permits are required for movement of grapevine cuttings, rootlings and potted vines from a phylloxera infested zone (PIZ) and into a phylloxera exclusion zone (PEZ) (if not from another PEZ).

The steps detailed below describe how to manage the movement of grapevine cuttings, rootlings and potted vines. This advice does not replace the adherence to the requirements described in the mandatory movement conditions in the Plant Quarantine Manual.

1. Ensure you, or the person responsible for movement, are aware of the legal requirements for moving the cuttings, rootlings, prunings or potted vines if leaving a phylloxera infested zone (PIZ) or entering a phylloxera exclusion zone (PEZ). Pruning waste material requires a permit to leave a PIZ or enter a PEZ.
2. Buy high-quality material of known origin and health status from an accredited nursery or vine improvement organisation, preferably from a PEZ.
3. Movement of cuttings, rootlings and potted vines from or within a PIZ is a high-risk activity. Contact Market Access market.access@agriculture.vic.gov.au to discuss your requirements.
4. Visually inspect dormant vines on arrival and reject any with soil on stems or roots.
5. Clearly record the source, rootstock, planting date and other details of the material planted on the vineyard.
6. Require that all planting material be hot water treated before leaving the nursery. The nursery should provide evidence of the hot water procedure used.
7. For potted vines purchased at retail nurseries, consider where you purchase from and ensure you are aware of transporting plants between phylloxera zones, especially where a permit may be required.

See the mandatory requirements for Victorian movement at Phylloxera Movement controls for wine grapes.

Permits are required for movement of table grapes from a Phylloxera Infested Zone (PIZ) and into a Phylloxera Exclusion Zone (PEZ) (if not from another PEZ).

The steps detailed below describe how to manage the arrival and delivery of wine grapes from another property. This advice does not replace the adherence to the requirements described in the mandatory movement conditions in the Plant Quarantine Manual.

1. Ensure you, or the person responsible for moving the wine grapes, are aware of the legal requirements if leaving a Phylloxera Infested Zone (PIZ) or entering a Phylloxera Exclusion Zone (PEZ).
2. Manage picking bucket and bin hygiene in accordance with Used packages (Bins, grape harvesting items).
3. If you are located in PRZ or PIZ and supply empty bins to a PEZ for grape collection, you must ensure the used bins meet the movement requirements.
4. If you are in a PRZ and wanting to consign grapes to a PEZ, ensure you book early for a full property inspection each season with Agriculture Victoria.
5. If you are receiving grapes in a PEZ from a PRZ, ensure you are accredited on ICA-33 or have scheduled an Agriculture Victorian inspector to verify the consignment on arrival.
6. Use a designated area at the winery for receival of bins on a hard surface area that can be cleaned, and waste runs to a containment area away from any grapevines.
7. Segregate bins into different phylloxera zones to reduce the risk of spread.
8. Ensure any spills are cleaned up promptly. If a spill occurs, all operations should stop to clean up a spill by:
   1. Shovels to move bulk of material back into bins or waste system.
   2. Disinfest the spill area with steam above 100°C as measured at the outlet, with waste captured in a drainage system and any contaminated tools, footwear or equipment are disinfested, as appropriate for the type of equipment.
9. Restrict movements of winery staff onto own vineyards until they have been through a cleaning and disinfestation process. Refer to ‘Clean and disinfest footwear and hand tools using a footbath’ and ‘Clean and disinfest clothing and accessories’ above.
10. Do not dispose of any waste, including unfermented stalks, marc or solids near vines. Physically segregate composting location from a growing area. Ensure waste undergoes a thorough composting process to pasteurise the material in line with the Australian Standard AS4454 – 2012 before using it on vines.

See the mandatory requirements for Victorian movement at Phylloxera Movement controls for table grapes.

Permits are required for movement of table grapes from a phylloxera infested zone (PIZ) and into a phylloxera exclusion zone (PEZ) (if not from another PEZ).

The steps detailed below describe how to manage the arrival and delivery of table grapes from another property. This advice does not replace the adherence to the requirements described in the mandatory movement conditions in the Plant Quarantine Manual.

1. Ensure you, or the person responsible for moving the table grapes, are aware of the legal requirements if leaving a phylloxera infested zone (PIZ) or entering a phylloxera exclusion zone (PEZ).
2. Manage picking bucket and bin hygiene in accordance with 'Used packages (bins, grape harvesting items)' above.
3. If you are located in PRZ or PIZ and supply empty bins to a PEZ for grape collection, you must ensure the used bins meet the movement requirements.
4. If you are in a PRZ and wanting to consign grapes to a PEZ, ensure you book early for a full property inspection each season with Agriculture Victoria.
5. Use a designated area for receival on a hard surface area that can be cleaned, and waste runs to a containment area away from vines.
6. Segregate bins into different phylloxera zones to reduce the risk of spread.
7. Ensure any spills are cleaned up promptly. If a spill occurs, all operations must stop to clean spill by:
   1. Shovels to move bulk of material back into bins or waste system.
   2. Disinfested the spill area with steam above 100°C as measured at the outlet, with waste captured in a drainage system and any contaminated tools, footwear or equipment are disinfested, as appropriate for the type of equipment.
8. Restrict movements of staff onto vineyards until they have been through a cleaning and disinfestation process. Refer to ‘Clean and disinfest footwear and hand tools using a footbath’ and ‘Clean and disinfest clothing and accessories’ above.
9. Do not dispose of any waste near vines. Physically segregate composting location from a growing area. Ensure waste undergoes a thorough composting process to pasteurise the material in line with the Australian Standard AS4454 – 2012 before using it on vines.

Filtered juice may move within or into Victoria without restriction.

Filtered juice means the liquid fraction of grape must that has been processed (including but not limited to filtration or centrifugation) to achieve a maximum particle size of 50 microns. Where an alternative method of demonstrating maximum particle size in the filtered juice is proposed, please contact market.access@agriculture.vic.gov.au for consideration and advice on meeting the exemption from requiring a permit.

Must is defined as the total product of crushing grape berries, includes juice, skins, seeds, pulp and possibly some stems and leaves.

Marc is defined as the solids residue from crushing or pressing of must (pre-fermentation marc) or wine fermented on skins (post-fermentation marc), containing skins, seeds and possibly stems, juice and wine.

See the mandatory requirements for Victorian movement at:

• Phylloxera Movement controls for grape must and unfiltered juice.
• Phylloxera Movement controls for grape marc.

Permits are required for movement of grape must, unfiltered juice and grape marc from a Phylloxera Infested Zone (PIZ) and into a Phylloxera Exclusion Zone (PEZ) (if not from another PEZ).

• Unfiltered juice requires a permit until it becomes wine.
• Must requires a permit until it becomes either wine or marc, which is then required to meet the permit requirements of marc.
• Movement of wine does not require a permit.

The steps detailed below describe how to manage the movement of grape must, unfiltered juice and grape marc. This advice does not replace the adherence to the requirements described in the mandatory movement conditions in the Plant Quarantine Manual.

1. Ensure you, or the person responsible for movement, are aware of the legal requirements for moving the grape must, unfiltered juice and grape marc if leaving a Phylloxera Infested Zone (PIZ) or entering a Phylloxera Exclusion Zone (PEZ).
2. All consignments should be dispatched with the required documentation, on a clean and secure transport vehicle.
3. Ensure trucks and tankers arriving at the winery are clean and have adhered to any legal or specified requirements. Check copies of any documentation that may be required, such as a permit or Product Movement Declaration.
4. Use a designated area at the winery for receival on a hard surface area that can be cleaned, and waste runs to a containment area away from vines.
5. Ensure any spills are cleaned up promptly. If a spill occurs, all operations must stop to clean spill by the following means:
   1. Shovels to move bulk of material back into bins or waste system.
   2. Once solids are cleaned up, the area can be disinfested with steam above 100°C as measured at the outlet, with waste captured in a drainage system and any contaminated tools, footwear or equipment must be disinfested, as appropriate for the type of equipment.
6. Restrict movements of winery staff onto vineyards until they have been through a cleaning and disinfestation process. Refer to ‘Clean and disinfest footwear and hand tools using a footbath’ and ‘Clean and disinfest clothing and accessories’ above.
7. Keep must and unfiltered juice securely contained in fermenters until fermentation is complete.
8. Clean and disinfest all grape bins and trucks prior to departing your winery. Refer to ‘Used packages (bins, grape harvesting items)’ above.
9. Do not dispose of any waste, including unfermented stalks, marc or solids near vines. Physically segregate composting location from a growing area. Ensure waste undergoes a thorough composting process to pasteurise the material in line with the Australian Standard AS4454 – 2012 before using it on vines.

Diagnostic sample means a sample that contains or potentially contains phylloxera host material or phylloxera, collected for scientific purposes.

See the mandatory requirements for Victorian movement at Phylloxera Movement controls for diagnostic samples.

Permits are required for movement of diagnostic samples from a phylloxera infested zone (PIZ) and into a phylloxera exclusion zone (PEZ) (if not from another PEZ).

The steps detailed below describe how to manage the collection and delivery of diagnostic samples from a property. This advice does not replace the adherence to the requirements described in the mandatory movement conditions in the Plant Quarantine Manual.

1. Ensure you, or the person responsible for moving the diagnostic samples, are aware of the legal requirements if leaving a phylloxera infested zone (PIZ) or entering a phylloxera exclusion zone (PEZ).
2. Diagnostic samples originating from a PIZ and sent to any place outside the source PIZ, or originating from a PRZ for consignment to a PEZ, must either be disinfested before sending or sent to a business accredited on CA-26.
3. Phylloxera specimens for diagnostic purposes, with movement requirements to leave a PIZ or enter a PEZ for diagnostics, must contact market.access@agriculture.vic.gov.au to apply for a permit.
4. Samples must be transported in secure packaging that has 2 layers of packaging (such as a zip seal bag within another) to prevent potential spread of phylloxera from the samples, plus the additional sealed consignment packaging (such as a satchel or box).
5. The source property address of the sample and collector contact information must be clearly visible on the sample packaging or documentation accompanying the sample.
6. The phylloxera zone of the source property must be clearly visible on the sample packaging or documentation accompanying the sample, as described on the map of phylloxera management zones.
7. Records of diagnostic sample collection, disinfestation where applicable, and proof of postage should be retained.

The information detailed below describes how the types of visitors and their hand tools (used in association with a vineyard) should be managed between vineyards. This advice does not replace the adherence to the requirements described in the mandatory movement conditions in the Plant Quarantine Manual.

• contractors and labour teams
• viticulturalists, agronomists, consultants
• sales reps
• casual labourers
• winery and vineyard staff

People, clothing, footwear and hand tools

• Refer to ‘Clean and disinfest footwear and hand tools using a footbath’ above.
• Refer to ‘Clean and disinfest clothing and accessories’ above.
• Speak with the owner or operator, preferably ahead of arrival, and ask them what on-farm biosecurity practices need to be followed.
• Provide training and resources on quarantine and vineyard hygiene to all workers before allowing them to start work.
• Ask labour hire companies to ensure workers arrive with clean boots, clothing and tools each day.
• Visually inspect visitor footwear and vehicles for soil and plant material before allowing them onto the vineyard.
• Do not enter the vine-growing area without approval from the property manager. Do not walk among the vines unless necessary.
• Observe all signs and sectioned-off areas.
• Refer to ‘Used agricultural equipment and machinery hygiene and heat room’ above.
• Phylloxera can survive for weeks on used equipment and machinery. It is important to determine if visitor has operated with a vineyard in recent months, and whether they have cleaned and disinfested their equipment and vehicles since.
• Use the dedicated farm vehicle where possible.
• Where your own vehicle needs to be used, keep vehicle on dedicated tracks. Do not drive amongst vines.

Used agricultural equipment, machinery and vehicles

Clean and disinfest vehicles when finished on the property.

The presence of phylloxera at a vineyard is not usually advertised to visitors. Any vineyard you visit could potentially have it. Not all vineyards in a phylloxera infested zone (PIZ) have phylloxera. Property managers work very hard to prevent the entry and spread of phylloxera.

Before you decide to enter a grapevine growing area, keep in mind that phylloxera can survive for many weeks without a food source, should you collect it on yourself or your belongings.

• Only drive your vehicle on property tracks and park in designated parking zones. Do not drive your vehicle off a track near any vines.
• Observe all signs and sectioned-off areas.
• Use the dedicated farm vehicle where possible.
• Do not enter the vine-growing area without approval from the property manager.
• Seek alternative photography locations that do not require you to be near the vines. Utilise staged vines specifically for this purpose, if provided.
• If you are touring the state and enter any grape growing areas, change footwear and clothing if visiting multiple phylloxera zones. Footwear must be disinfested.
• Refer to ‘Clean and disinfest footwear and hand tools using a footbath’ above.
• Refer to ‘Clean and disinfest clothing and accessories’.
• Follow all the biosecurity practices requested by the business.
• If you must take your vehicle among vines off a made track, ensure you clean your vehicle before and afterward to remove any soil or plant material. If a wash bay is not available at the property, use a commercial car wash. The use of hot soapy water is preferred.

The presence of phylloxera at a vineyard is not usually advertised to visitors. Any vineyard you visit could potentially have it. Not all vineyards in a Phylloxera Infested Zone (PIZ) have phylloxera. Property managers work very hard to prevent the entry and spread of phylloxera.

The steps detailed below describe good biosecurity practices for U-pick customers, they used packages (bins, grape harvesting items) and used hand tools and equipment. This advice does not replace the adherence to the requirements described in the mandatory movement conditions in the Plant Quarantine Manual.

Permits are required for movement of phylloxera host materials, such as grapes, from a Phylloxera Infested Zone (PIZ) and into a Phylloxera Exclusion Zone (PEZ) (if not from another PEZ).

See the mandatory requirements for Victorian movement at:

• Phylloxera Movement controls for used agricultural equipment and packages.
• Phylloxera Movement controls for wine grapes and table grapes.

People, clothing, footwear and hand tools

• Refer to ‘Clean and disinfest footwear and hand tools using a Footbath’ above.
• Refer to ‘Clean and disinfest clothing and accessories’ above.
• Speak with the owner or operator and ask them, preferable ahead of time, what on-farm biosecurity practices need to be followed.
• Ideally visit only one growing property per day.
• Do not enter the vine-growing area without approval from the property manager.
• Arrive with clean boots, clothing and tools at each property.
• After using the footbath, property owners should visually inspect visitor footwear for soil and plant material before allowing them onto the vineyard.
• Observe all signs and sectioned-off areas.
• If returning to your own or another vineyard after visiting another property, do not enter the vineyard until you have been through a cleaning and disinfestation process.

Used packages (Bins, buckets, grape harvesting items)

• Refer to ‘Used packages (bins, grape harvesting items)’ above.
• Ensure that any picking containers or bins that are brought to a property are cleaned and disinfested before arriving.
• Once bins/buckets are ready to leave the property, ensure the outsides are clean.  Wash any associated vehicles that have been in the vineyard – particularly wheels, axels, mudguards, and tray.
• Once grapes are processed, do not dispose of any waste, including unfermented stalks, marc or solids near your vines. Physically segregate composting location from a growing area. Ensure waste undergoes a thorough composting process to pasteurise the material, ideally in line with the Australian Standard AS4454 – 2012 before using it on vines. Consider commercial disposal.

Used agricultural equipment, machinery and vehicles

• Refer to ‘Used agricultural equipment and machinery hygiene and heat room’ above.
• Phylloxera can survive for weeks on used equipment. It is important to determine if a visitor has operated with a vineyard in recent months, and whether they have cleaned and disinfested their equipment since.
• Encourage any U-Pick visitors to keep to made tracks and walk wherever possible.
• Use the dedicated farm vehicle where possible.
• Where U-pick customer’s own vehicle needs to be used, keep vehicle on dedicated tracks. Do not drive amongst vines.
• Clean and disinfest vehicle when finished on the property.

Agriculture Victoria implements Control Areas and mandatory movement controls for movement of phylloxera host materials into Victoria and for movements between most phylloxera zones within Victoria. More information on when these requirements apply, and how to apply for movement permits, can be found at the Compliance and movement conditions page.

Grape phylloxera can spread on used equipment, on planting material and in harvested grapes. Utilise the hygiene information provided in Cleaning and disinfestation guidance by item type above. Implement the use of a footbath for entering and exiting the grape growing area.

Based on your phylloxera zone location, below are some tips for reducing the risk of spread of phylloxera within Victoria.

If you are in a phylloxera risk zone (PRZ):

• Only source grapes from the PRZ or phylloxera exclusion zone (PEZ). Do not source them from a PIZ.
• Source vines or cuttings from the PRZ or a PEZ.
• If you have people visiting who have grapevines in a PIZ, ensure they are wearing clean clothing and footwear if they are to visit your vines.
• If purchasing second hand equipment, request for it to be cleaned and disinfested by heat treatment (such as steam, hot water dip or heat room). If the equipment is leaving a PIZ, ensure the movement is covered by a permit and a Plant Health Declaration.
• If using a contractor who services other vineyards, request that their used equipment and tools be cleaned and disinfested before attending your property.

If you are in a phylloxera exclusion zone (PEZ):

• Do not source wine grapes from outside a PEZ, unless the grapes originate from another PEZ, or come from a property in a phylloxera risk zone (PRZ) that has the correct certification for movement.
• Source cuttings or vines from within a PEZ.
• If you have people visiting who have grapevines outside the PEZ, ensure they are wearing clean clothing and footwear if they are to visit your vines.
• If purchasing second hand equipment, request for it to be cleaned and disinfested by heat treatment (such as steam, hot water dip or heat room). If the equipment is from outside the PEZ, ensure it has a permit and a Plant Health Declaration for entering a PEZ.
• If using a contractor who services other vineyards, request that their used equipment and tools be cleaned and disinfested before attending your property. Ideally, utilise a contractor who operates only on vineyards within the PEZ.

If you are in a phylloxera infested zone (PIZ):

• Different genotypes of phylloxera exist. These various genotypes affect different vines in different ways. Different PIZ have different genotypes present.
• If your vines are affected by phylloxera, consider only sourcing grapes from vineyards with the same phylloxera status and genotype.
• If your vines are not affected by phylloxera, consider sourcing grapes from unaffected vineyards, or implement the most stringent of biosecurity practices.
• Source vines or cuttings from the PRZ or a PEZ.
• If you have people visiting who have grapevines in a PIZ, ensure they are wearing clean clothing and footwear if they are to visit your vines.
• If purchasing second hand equipment, request for it to be cleaned and disinfested by heat treatment (such as steam, hot water dip or heat room).
• If using a contractor who services other vineyards, request that their used equipment and tools be cleaned and disinfested before attending your property.

The information detailed below describes how to manage the arrival and movement of irrigation and earth moving contractors, their equipment used in association with a vineyard and the movement of any vineyard soil from or to a vineyard. This advice does not replace the adherence to the requirements described in the mandatory movement conditions in the Plant Quarantine Manual.

Used equipment and machinery used within grapevines

• Refer to ‘Used agricultural equipment and machinery hygiene and heat room’ above.
• Phylloxera can survive for weeks on used equipment and machinery. It is important to determine if irrigation and earth-moving contractors have operated with a vineyard in recent months, and whether they have cleaned and disinfested their equipment since.
• Use the dedicated farm vehicle where possible.
• Where your own vehicle needs to be used, keep vehicle on dedicated tracks. Do not drive amongst vines.
• Clean and disinfest vehicle when finished on the property.

People

• Refer to ‘Clean and disinfest footwear and hand tools using a footbath’ above.
• Refer to ‘Clean and disinfest clothing and accessories’ above.
• Speak with the owner or operator and ask them, preferably in advance, what on-farm biosecurity practices need to be followed.
• Provide training and resources on quarantine and vineyard hygiene to all workers before allowing them to start work.
• Ask visitors and workers to arrive with clean boots, clothing, and tools each day.
• Visually inspect visitor/worker footwear and vehicles for soil and plant material before allowing them onto the vineyard.
• Do not enter the vine-growing area without approval from the property manager. Do not walk among the vines unless necessary.
• Observe all signs and sectioned-off areas.

Earth material (soil)

Earth material includes soil, gravel, sand or rocks that has been associated with the cultivation of grapevines/grapes.

1. Ensure you, or the person responsible for moving the soil, are aware of the legal requirements if earth material is leaving a phylloxera infested zone (PIZ) or entering a phylloxera exclusion zone (PEZ).
2. Do not move vineyard soil between grapevine growing properties.

The information detailed below describes how to manage the arrival and movement of ancillary service providers and their equipment used in association with a vineyard. This advice does not replace the adherence to requirements described in the mandatory movement conditions in the Plant Quarantine Manual.

Used equipment and machinery used within grapevines

• Refer to ‘Used agricultural equipment and machinery hygiene and heat room’ above.
• Phylloxera can survive for weeks on used equipment and machinery. It is important to determine if the ancillary service providers have operated with a vineyard in recent months, and whether they have cleaned and disinfested their equipment and vehicles since.
• Use the dedicated farm vehicle where possible.
• Where your own vehicle needs to be used, keep vehicle on dedicated tracks. Do not drive amongst vines.
• Clean and disinfest vehicle when finished on the property.

People

• Refer to ‘Clean and disinfest footwear and hand tools using a footbath’ above.
• Refer to ‘Clean and disinfest clothing and accessories’ above.
• Speak with the owner or operator and ask them, preferably in advance, what on-farm biosecurity practices need to be followed.
• Provide training and resources on quarantine and vineyard hygiene to all visitor before allowing them to start work.
• Ask visitor to arrive with clean boots, clothing, and tools each day.
• Visually inspect visitor footwear and vehicles for soil and plant material before allowing them onto the vineyard.
• Do not enter the vine-growing area without approval from the property manager. Do not walk among the vines unless necessary.
• Observe all signs and sectioned-off areas.